Every December, as we finish the last of the leftover turkey, patients begin to talk about the holiday season and gift shopping. This conversation invariably leads to suggestions for gift ideas related to health, exercise and fitness. The suggestions below offer a wide variety of fitness-related gifts, some expensive and frivolous and others reasonably priced and practical. I hope it makes your shopping a little easier.
Exercise Clothing - Dry Tech is the best thing that has happened to exercise apparel since “jogging suit” was donned by all the “cool dudes” in the 70’s and 80’s. It has great style and even better function. The specially made material is light weight and breathable and wicks moisture from the skin to the outer layers. Therefore, it will not get heavy with sweat which can weigh you down and cause friction with your skin which can lead to chaffing and blisters. The following exercise apparel is now available in Dry Tech:
Short sleeve tee with a matching long sleeve shirt
Shorts and Colorful Socks
NOTE: Shoes are a very important aspect to safe and comfortable exercise but are unique for running and other specific sports (tennis, basketball). However, sneakers may be too difficult to buy for another. A gift certificate to an athletic shoe store (Scranton Running or Dick’s) may be a better choice.
Winter Exercise Gear - Heated Vest and Gloves: Heated vests and gloves come with a rechargeable battery pack. They keep you warm, adjust in temperature. Vests and gloves from Ororo and Gerbing are available at Dick’s and online.
Trekking Poles - For walking and hiking enthusiasts, trekking poles can be the perfect gift, especially for those over 50 and when on uneven terrain or inclement weather. The research is compelling…less stress on the lower back, hip, knee and ankle, as well as improved balance and safety. Leki, Black Diamond, and Cascade Mountain are good name brands while LL Bean, Sierra and REI are reputable companies.
Exercise Mat - An exercise mat is helpful if you decide to exercise at home. Also, if you participate in yoga or Pilates classes, a mat is required equipment.
Hand Held Dumbbells and Sandbag Leg Weights - These are essential for those interested in home exercise. For the average beginner, 3-5-8-10 pound (two of each) weights will be adequate. Dumbbells are good for shrugs, biceps, and triceps, bent over rows and lats, and lunges. Incremented and stackable dumbbells are also available by Bowflex SelecTech 552 (5-52 pounds for $299). and NordicTrack $189. Sandbags, which can be purchased as graduated weights from 1 to 5 pounds, are good for leg extensions, hamstring curls, hip hikes and hip abduction.
Resistance Bands - These cheap and versatile bands are also essential for a home program. The bands come in different colors to represent the amount of resistance with yellow being the easiest and black the most difficult. They can be used for upper and lower body. For specific band exercises visit a previous column in “Health & Exercise Forum” at The Times Tribune or www.mackareyphysicaltherapy.com
Aerobic Equipment
Bike – Plus: upright or recumbent bikes are an effective and affordable method of aerobic exercise. It is very useful for those suffering from lower back, hip, knee or ankle/foot pain because it can be performed with partial weight bearing. Minus: must be able to bend your knees at least 110/115 degrees.
Treadmill – Plus: great for those who love to walk or run and need and indoor alternative in inclimate weather. Minus: large and expensive
Elliptical – Plus: a good alternative to the pounding of running. Minus: expensive, large, and require full weight bearing.
NOTE: Peloton, NordicTrack, SoulCycle are some of the companies that offer interactive exercise programs (usually through an internet subscription) for aerobic exercise using bikes, treadmills, ellipticals or rowing machines.
Fitness Club Membership
Location is important for convenience. The type of gym, such as, cross fit, exercise machines vs. traditional free weights, must be considered. Equipment and other services such as personal trainers, swimming pool, sauna, hot tubs, Pilates, and yoga classes are also important to some.
If the person you want to gift already belongs to a gym, consider purchasing a gift certificate for massage, Pilates, yoga, spin class or aquatic exercises at their gym (which usually costs extra) or another studio.
Personal Trainer Gift Certificate or Home Virtual Trainers - This can be an opportunity for someone to either get the proper advice from a professional to begin a fitness program or to revamp and tune up an old stale program. Word of mouth is a good way to find a reputable certified trainer.
Virtual Training Equipment: Peloton – ($2,495 bike, $3,495 treadmill); Mirror Exercise – ($1,495); Tonal ($3,995.) FightCamp – ($1,219.); Forme Studio ($2,495.)
Electronic Fitness Monitors or Wearable Tech Monitor - These devices use GPS technology to help the user track their activity to get more out of their exercise routines. They monitor activity, heart rate, distance, location, calories, and more. Most “smart watches” offer these options. Other examples are:
Pedometers – clips on a belt or worn on the wrist– best for tracking steps - tracks steps taken by walkers and runners and translates it to miles. Some also translate calories expended. Suggestions: “Fitbit” “Amazfit Band 7,” ” ” or Timex” $39-$69.
Activity Trackers – worn as wrist band – best for tracking general fitness, calories and sleep patterns 24/7. It can be connected wireless to your cell phone. Suggestions: “Fitbit” $119 to $149. “Garmin” Vivoactive 3 $159. “Apple” Series 8 and above.
Running Watches – are worn as a wrist watch – best for timing workouts and counting laps - a rugged, waterproof watch to be worn while running to track laps, splits, countdown, intervals and training logs. However, it does not track distance, speed or heart rate. Suggestions: Timex Ironman $38.97. Garmin Forerunner 45S $129.
Heart Rate Monitors – worn as a chest-strap or wrist strap – monitors your heart rate in real time. Suggestions: Garmin Vivofit 4 $62.; Polar H10 $89.95, Apple Watch Series 8
WHOOP – this next generation fitness and health monitoring is smaller and faster with new biometric tracking, including skin temperature, blood oxygen, and more. Whoop.com $30/month.
Weight Loss – Suggestions: “Noom,” “Lose It”; “WeightWatchers,” “My Diet Coach” - helps you keep a journal, calculates calories for free. The App gives calorie credits if you exercise and provides ongoing feedback to help you stay on track to attain your optimal weight. Basic Apps are free and more advanced versions are under $10.
Activity Monitor – Suggestions: “Fitbit” “Apple Watch,” “Garmin,” “Endomodo”; “Human” – uses GPS to track your every step when you go for a hike, run, fitness walk, touring walk at Disney, or bike ride on trails, ski cross country or downhill. It will calculate distance, speed, location, total time and total calories.
Nutritional Counselor Gift Certificate - Sometimes you need professional help to get started and stay focused. Just as with a personal trainer, a qualified and licensed nutritional counselor will assist you in establishing a safe and effective program to meet your nutritional and dietary goals. Again, ask around to see who has a good reputation or who may be a good fit for the recipient of your gift.
These gifts can be purchased at most local sporting goods stores or on-line.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
More than 65 million people, almost 30% of the population in the United States, are actively involved in providing 20 or more hours of care for a chronically ill, disabled, or aged family member or friend each week. As our population continues to age, this number is expected to grow rapidly.
The role of a caregiver is multifaceted and often involves tasks and skills beyond the education or comfort level of most providers. Some examples include; managing money, paying bills, shopping, cleaning, maintaining and repairing a home, dispensing and injecting medications, cleaning wounds, changing dressings, catheter management, bed baths, assisting in position changes, transferring from the bed to the chair, ambulation, stair climbing, bathroom assistance for toileting and showering and many other responsibilities. Consequently, a caregiver is often at risk for mental, spiritual and physical fatigue or breakdown. It is no surprise that depression, illness and injury often plague a caregiver and eventually, the caregiver is in need of a caregiver. One of the most common injuries suffered by a caregiver is back pain.
Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common problems in our society. Over 90% of all Americans will suffer from it at least once in their lives. It is generally agreed that prevention is the best treatment for LBP.
TIPS FOR THE PREVENTION OF BACK PAIN FOR THE CAREGIVER:
Maintain Health & Fitness Level
As little as 10 extra pounds puts great stress on your lower back. It also makes it more difficult to maintain good posture. Eat well and exercise regularly.
Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic exercise will help prevent weight gain and stiffness for a healthier lower back. It will also help with the stress and depression associated with providing care for a loved one. Perform mild aerobic exercise such as walking 3-5 times per week for 30-45 minutes. You can also use an elliptical or bike at home while your loved one is resting. Get outdoors and take multiple short walks …go around the block a few times per day.
Core Exercises
Core stabilization exercises designed to strengthen the abdominal and lower back muscles will help prevent injury. Some examples of core exercises are:
Pelvic Tilt - lying on your back and performing a pelvic tilt as you flatten you lower back into the floor.
Pelvic Tilt and Heel Slide - lying on your back, hold a pelvic tilt as you slide your one heel up and down and repeat with the other heel.
Core on Ball - Perform arm exercises such as biceps and triceps with light weight while sitting on a therapeutic ball while simultaneously trying to hold an isometric contraction of your abdominal and lower back muscles.
Do Not Smoke
Smoking effects natural healing because it constricts the small blood vessels. Smokers have a much higher incidence of LBP and failure from lower back surgery.
Practice Good Posture & Body Mechanics
Good posture is critical for a healthy back. When sitting, standing or walking maintain a slight arch in your lower back, keep shoulders back, and head over your shoulders. In sitting, use a towel roll or small pillow in the small of the back.
Caregivers spend much of the day with their spine bent over a bed or chair feeding, bathing, and lifting a loved one. Postural exercises are designed to stretch your back in the opposite direction of this forward flexed position. Examples include:
Chin Tucks - tuck your chin back to bring head over shoulders.
Shoulder Blade Pinch - pinch your shoulder blades together.
Standing Arch - while standing put your hands behind back, extend lower back 10-20 degrees.
Perform slowly, hold for 3-5 seconds and repeat 6 times each 6 times per day.
Ergonomics
Sitting - When sitting, use an ergonomic work station and chair with a lumbar support and adjustable heights. Get close to your desk, keyboard and monitor.
Driving - If you drive long distances, use a lumbar support to keep an arch, sit close to your steering wheel to prevent bending forward.
Bending – Get an adjustable bed and raise it to a comfortable height when feeding, dressing or bathing your loved one.
Lifting - Think twice. First bend your knees and arch your back. Then, brace your abdominal muscles. Bend your spine forward as little as possible to lift the patient.
From Lying to Sitting in Bed - Bend your knees, maintain an arch in the back with head up, and bend over as little as possible. Bend the knees of your loved one; roll their trunk toward you to get their legs over the edge of the bed as you pivot their weight on their butt to get them sitting upright.
From Sitting in Bed to Sitting in Chair - Bend your knees, maintain an arch in the back with head up, and bend over as little as possible. Place your hands around the waist or on a transfer belt. Use your legs, turn with feet, and do not twist spine. Block the feet and knees of your loved-one with your feet and knees and use them to pivot and transfer from the bed to the chair. Be sure the chair is along side of the bed and arm of chair removed if possible before the lift.
Transfer Belt - Use a transfer belt around the waist of the patient. Grip the transfer belt, instead of the patient or clothing, during the lift or when ambulating.
Lower Back Lifting Belt - Also, if you have a back problem, consider using a lifting belt or back brace to protect your back when lifting the patient. Immediately following the lift, stand up straight and stretch lower back into extension.
Transfer belts and lower back lifting belts can be found online or at your local pharmacy.
Lift Chair – For patients that require maximum or moderate assistance and only one caregiver is available to lift or transfer, an electric lift chair should be considered.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
Here are 10 most common exercise myths!
No Pain, No Gain.
FALSE – Why pain is different than discomfort…
Muscle soreness and “feeling the burn” can occur during a normal healthy exercise routine. However, you should never experience sharp, deep, intense, or lingering pain during or after exercise. In fact, if the soreness lasts more than 24-48 hours, then you did more damage than benefit to your muscles and other tissues and it is time to scale back and take time off. If necessary, use RICE (rest, ice compression and elevation). It is important to get in tune with your body and learn the difference between muscle strain and fatigue, discomfort and pain from soft tissue damage from overuse and overload. Find the proper amount of weight and repetitions and gradually increase over time.
Always Stretch Before You Exercise.
FALSE – This is not always the best advice
There is no solid evidence that stretching alone before a sport or activity prevents injury. In fact, over stretching may be counterproductive before a sport as it may weaken the muscle. The current wisdom on the matter is; never stretch a cold muscle. Instead, warm up for 5-10 minutes by actively moving the extremities and light jogging or biking and THEN lightly stretch the arms, legs, back etc. More vigorous stretching should be performed to improve the flexibility of tight muscles (ie calf and hamstring muscles) and best done after your workout but not before a sporting activity (tennis, basketball, etc.).
Lifting Weights Will Make You Bulky.
FALSE – Depends on your hormones
It is very unlikely that women and prepubescent males will bulk up from lifting weights…especially light weights (blame or thank hormones). It will, however, increase metabolism and fat burning efficiency which can lead to weight loss and good muscle tone. Stick with low resistance and high repetitions for best results.
With the Correct Program, Spot Reduction Can be Achieved
FALSE – It is not possible to target an area of the body to burn more fat
It is very common for women to ask for a specific exercise to reduce the fat in their buttocks, thighs, and abdomen. Regretfully, it is not possible to target weight loss in these areas or other body parts. In fact, when you lose weight through diet and exercise, the caloric expenditure will be evenly distributed throughout the body. However, once the adipose tissue in a specific part of the body such as the abdomen is reduced from general weight loss, targeting the area with exercises specific to that muscle group will improve the tone and definition for a leaner look in that region.
If you don’t have 45-60 Minutes to Exercise, Don’t Bother.
FALSE – The research on this topic does not support it
Sure, it would be great to dedicate 60 minutes 5 -6 days a week for exercise. But for most of us who work and raise a family it is not practical. The good news is that the research supports 30 minutes of exercise 3-5 days a week. Moreover, evidence shows that 10 minutes, three times a day, 5 days per week will help you attain the 150 minutes a week supported in most exercise studies.
If you have Arthritis, Exercise will make it worse.
FALSE – There is no evidence to support this…but it supports the opposite.
Most people with the most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis, feel better when they are moving. That is not to say that they don’t have increased symptoms when they OVERDO it. An exercise program specifically designed for a person’s problems and limitations will improve their symptoms and function. For example, if an individual has arthritis in their knees, they should use an exercise bike (partial weight bearing) or swim (buoyancy effect of water) instead of walking or running (full weight bearing) for aerobic exercise. Furthermore, they would do far better with light cuff weights in a sitting or lying position to strengthen their legs than performing squats or lunges. It is important to remember, the weight gain and joint weakness and stiffness associated with a sedentary lifestyle will do more harm to an arthritic joint than a proper exercise program.
You Need a Sports Drink When you Exercise
FALSE – Not unless you are planning a killer workout
The number one reason most of us exercise is to lose or control body weight. High calorie sports drinks are counterproductive and unnecessary. If you do not plan on exercising for more than 60 minutes, good old fashion H2O is more than adequate. However, if you plan to do a “killer” workout for more than 60 minutes and may incorporate a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program, than a sports drink with electrolytes and other nutrients, may be of value.
Exercise Machines are Better than Free Weights
FALSE – For most of us, effective resistance training is not about the equipment
It is safe to say, caveman was pretty fit and strong despite the fact that he never went to a gym and lifted weights. He did however, lift, push, pull, and carry heavy stones, timber, and animals for day-to-day survival. So too, it is for modern man, the body does not distinguish between the resistance provided by a elastic band, dumbbell, or cable with pulleys and weight stacks. As long as the basic principles of strength training are applied, (isolating a muscle or muscle group, loading the muscle with enough force to bring it to fatigue without causing tissue damage, and allowing for adequate rest and recovery) than the muscle will gain strength regardless of the type of resistance.
Running is Better Than any other Form of Aerobic Exercise
FALSE – Don’t tell that to competitive swimmers
First, let me confess that I love to run and up until recently, I ran almost daily. However, now that I am over 60, I had to find new forms of aerobic exercise which would be kinder and gentler to my joints. So, I mix it up between biking (indoors and outdoors, recumbent and upright), brisk walking or hiking, elliptical and stepper and swimming laps. Again, like the caveman weightlifting example, the body (heart and lungs) does not know what is causing an increase in heart rate for 30, 45 or 60 minutes, it only knows that it must respond to allow the body to function under this stress. And, in the process it becomes conditioned to the point that it will work much more efficiently when not under stress with a lower heart and respiratory rate and blood pressure at rest.
Those over 50 would be well-advised to engage in low-impact aerobics on a regular basis. For example, if you want to run two to three days per week, do not run two days in a row and consider performing low impact exercise in between. Some examples of low impact aerobics are walking, treadmill walking, swimming, elliptical trainer, and an exercise or road bike.
If You Never Stop Exercising than you won’t have to adjust your exercise program as you age.
FALSE - Why Change is Necessary with Age…
For many years, I have repeatedly preached about the value of engaging in an active lifestyle throughout life. It is especially important to be active as one gets older to maintain mobility and independence. However, many take this advice to an extreme and refuse to accept the inevitable changes that occur in the body with age. They run, jump, lift and throw like a teenager and often fail to modify their activity or exercise regimen appropriately for their age.
Consequently, they suffer from multiple injuries, including muscle tears, tendonitis, bursitis, impingement, and advanced osteoarthritis. Keep in mind, everyone ages differently. One person at 60 years of age may be the equivalent of another at 50. However, change with age is inevitable, so be kind to your body…it’s the only one you have! It is always prudent to consult your physician and physical therapist for a program designed specifically for your needs.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
While I fully expect to be at the “butt end” of many comments for this column, I feel compelled to address this topic at the request of several patients. It seems that many geriatric physical therapists commonly encounter patients that suffer from constipation which limits their participation in rehabilitation. Ironically, research demonstrates that exercise and activity actually help relieve constipation.
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) reports that 3.1 million people in the United States suffer from constipation. The NDDIC further reports that this problem leads to almost 400,000 hospitalizations, 1.4 million visits to emergency rooms, 1 million prescriptions and 121 deaths each year. Constipation is defined by the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine as three or less bowel movements per week. It is also estimated that more than 27 percent of the elderly are affected.
Severe constipation can result in immediate medical attention in some cases due to intestinal obstruction. In addition to infrequent bowel movements, some symptoms include: feeling poorly, weight loss, loss of appetite, abdominal distention and/or pain, and vomiting.
Risk Factors for Constipation:
Age
Immobility
Inadequate fluid and fiber consumption
Recent Surgery
Medications such as:
Antihistamines
Antidepressants
Psychotropic Meds
Opioids
Calcium Channel Blockers
Antacids
Prevention of Constipation:
Exercise and Mobility
Physical activity is one of the most important factors in preventing constipation. A minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity, 5 days per week helps significantly. However, if age and poor health limit activity, then frequent, short bouts of mobility and exercise are recommended. It is critical for this population to work on transfers from chair or bed to stand to maintain strength and mobility.
Diet Rich in Fiber
Fruits, vegetables, and bran are essential.
Supplements
With a physician’s approval, supplements such as Metamucil or Citrucel can be helpful. Stool softeners, suppositories or enemas may also be worth discussing with your doctor.
Healthy people must continue to keep active. Get into good exercise habits at a young age and continue through life. Maintaining a consistent schedule of eating and exercise is also helpful. Some simple suggestions for beginning an exercise program for prevention of constipation in the healthy population are:
Get your physicians approval
Consult with a physical therapist to set up a program for your needs
AEROBIC EXERCISE:
Buy good running sneakers – not walking shoes
Plan to exercise 3-5 times per week for 30-35 minutes
Walk for aerobic fitness
Begin 5-10 minutes and add 1-2 minutes each session
Walk in a mall if it is too hot or too cold
WEIGHT TRAINING:
Use light dumbbells, sandbag weights and resisted bands
Begin with 5-10 repetitions and add 1-2 reps each session
Alternate weight training days with walking days
Depending on your general health and ambulatory status, these endurance exercises may be appropriate for you. Therefore, consider one or two of the following as a good starting point:
Walk Around the House – Start walking around the house for 1-2 minutes nonstop.
Every 1-2 hours. Then, add 1-2 minutes every week.
Static Marching – hold onto the countertop or back of chair and march in place for 30 seconds.
Rest 1-2 minutes and repeat. Do 5 cycles. Add 5-10 seconds every week.
Climb the Steps – If you can do so safely, use the steps for exercise 1-2 times per day.
Then, add 1-2 times per day.
Walk the Mall/Treadmill – If you are able to get out of the house and can tolerate more extensive endurance exercises, get out and walk the malls or use a treadmill.
Recumbent Bike – If balance is a problem, but you can tolerate more extensive endurance exercise, use a recumbent bike (a bike with a backrest)
IN CONCLUSION: KEEP MOVING YOUR BODY AND YOU WILL KEEP MOVING YOUR BOWELS!
Visit your doctor regularly and listen to your body.
Keep moving, eat healthy foods, exercise regularly, and live long and well!
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
PIAA fall sport teams will begin their official practices a soon – including double sessions for high school football. While a warm August may be a wonderful time of year to swim and kayak, it may not offer the best temperature and humidity for athletes playing football, soccer and other sports. One common problem these athletes suffer from is severe muscle cramping. Every year multiple players limp off the practice field in pain and many concerned players, parents and grandparents repeatedly ask me about the problem. What exactly is a muscle cramp? Why does it happen? How can it be prevented?
What is a muscle cramp?
A muscle cramp is defined as an involuntary contraction or spasm of a muscle that will not relax. The tight muscle spasm is painful and debilitating. It can involve all or part of the muscle and groups of muscles. The most common muscles affected by muscle cramps are gastrocnemius (back of lower leg/calf), hamstring (back of thigh), and quadriceps (front of thigh). Cramps can also occur in the abdomen, rib cage, feet, hands, and arms. They can last a few seconds or 15+ minutes. They can occur once or multiple times. It can cause very tight spasms or small little twitches.
Theory:
Although the exact cause may be unknown at this time, there are several theories why muscle cramps occur. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, when a muscle is flexible and conditioned, the muscle fibers are capable of changing length rapidly and repeatedly without stress on the tissue. Also, overall poor conditioning or overexertion of a specific muscle leads to poor oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange and build up of lactic acid and cause a muscle spasm. Also, this process can alter muscle spindle reflex activity and stimulate the spinal cord to send a message to the muscle to contract. If uncontrolled this leads to cramps and spasm.
Muscle cramps are more common in hot weather due to loss of body fluids, salts, minerals, potassium, magnesium and calcium. This leads to an electrolyte imbalance which can cause a muscle to spasm.
Common Causes of Muscle Cramps:
Tight muscles
Imbalance in strength/length between two cooperative muscles
General Fatigue
Overexertion in extreme heat
Dehydration – electrolyte imbalance
Medications/Supplements– some medications and supplements can increase risk of muscle cramps
High Risk Factors For Muscle Cramps:
Infants & young children
65+ years old
Obesity
Deconditioned Athletes in mid-40’s
Smoking
Medication/Supplements
Endurance Athletes
Treatment and Prevention:
First Aid:
Cramps usually do not require a physician visit
Stop the activity
Stretch or elongate the muscle
Deeply massage the muscle while on stretch
Heat the muscle if tightness continues
Cold to muscle if sore later in day or next day
Prevention:
Exercise regularly and stay conditioned for your sport
Reduce caffeine intake
Hydrate regularly – especially in warm conditions - Use sports drinks, drink all day BEFORE the activity as well as during/after
Stretch – AFTER you warm up – concentrate on the vulnerable muscles – stretch slowly, hold for 10 seconds, slowly release, and repeat
Hamstring – feel pull in back of thigh
- lying on the floor in doorway, extend one knee and rest heel on wall
-standing – lock knees and touch shins/toes
Calf – feel pull in back of knee and lower leg
- stand and lean into wall with one leg back while keeping your heel down
Quad – feel pull in front of thigh
-stand grab onto foot, bring heel to buttocks while extending hip
- repeat while sitting on ground
Consider:
Diet, vitamins, tonic water, sports drinks
Heel lifts for calf cramps when unable to adequately stretch calf
Compression shorts for hamstring or quad cramps
See your family physician if cramps persist or worsen
There are other medical reasons for persistent cramps and spasms
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
STAY ACTIVE & HAVE FUN IN THE SUN!
After such a long, cold and wet spring, we are all grateful that the 4th of July holiday weekend is here! There is still plenty of time to be outdoors in NEPA and experience so many activities such as: biking, hiking, running, walking, swimming, boating, golfing, and playing tennis to name a few. It is a wonderful opportunity to discover your inner child, mix it up and try something new! Below are some new and exciting ways to stay active and have fun in the sun:
Sunset or Moonlight Kayaking
Spending time on any of the beautiful lakes in NEPA is time well spent. From an exercise standpoint, rowing, canoeing and kayaking offer a very special experience. Most kayaks are light weight, easy to use and maneuverable on a lake. Sitting low on the water offers a unique perspective as you feel yourself gliding across the lake. The Countryside Conservancy, in partnership with Lackawanna State Park, sponsors moonlight kayak events on the lake at the park. With a bright full moon, you can begin at 8 pm and return at 10 pm. Bring bug spray and headlights to enjoy the sunset and moon rise on the lake. You will feel like a kid breaking the rules of the park by being on the water after dark!
NOTE: Try kayaking in the daytime first and then advance to sunset trips before staying on the water for the moonlight. Rentals are available at the park.
Gear:
Clothing – a DryTec type material for shirt and pants…bring along a light long sleeve in case the wind picks up or the bugs are out.
Shoes – Aqua shoes are best…old sneakers will work
Water – handheld water bottle or a water proof bag for money, keys, ID, and a granola bar.
Insect Repellent - a must
Headlamp – to see and be seen on the water and packing up.
Change of Clothes – towel and change of clothes in your car…just in case
Stand up paddleboarding (SUP) is becoming a fast-growing sport among water enthusiasts. It is a fun way to exercise your core, improve balance, and tone your upper body. Stand Up Paddleboarding requires minimal equipment; a board that is essentially a long and wide surfboard and a long paddle to use while standing on the board. It can be done in the ocean surf, bay, lakes, or rivers; however, beginners would be wise to stay in calm water. Rentals are available at most beaches.
Check out the video for more information: REI paddleboard basics
Elliptical Pedalboarding:
What is it? Imagine a standup paddleboard with a handlebar and pedals like a exercise stepper machine. Instead of using a paddle, you step up and down on the pedals and fins under the board propel you through the water.
Check it out…Hobie Mirage Eclipse Stand Up Pedalboard; Dick’s Sporting Goods
Aqua Zumba:
Zumba is a very popular form of dance aerobics spiced up with Latin music. When adding water and sun to this already cool activity, you are assured to have fun while exercising. As with any aquatic exercise, the added resistance from the water gives arm rows and leg kicks more challenge. Female participants report an additional benefit; they are uninhibited to “shake that thing” to the music under the cover of the water. So, beat the heat, let loose and get some fun in the sun while you exercise.
NOTE: Consider trying regular Zumba first to get the hang of it. Amy Sekol is a local certified Zumba instructor and also offers Aqua Zumba. (amys.zumba.com)
I love this idea…why didn’t I think of it first! In the gym I enjoy the elliptical machine because it simulates running without the impact on my joints but of course, I would rather be outdoors. Well, this is the answer to my prayers…an elliptical machine that is attached to a bike with handle bars and brakes included. I think it will probably be difficult on steep hills but it is something I MUST TRY!
Visit your doctor regularly and listen to your body.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
PART I of II
Introduction:
As most sports enthusiasts know, in 2021 Tiger Woods ruptured his Achilles tendon while training at home and in 2023 Aaron Rodgers, a former Green Bay Packer quarterback, did the same in the first game of the 2023/24 NFL season with the New York Jets. As with many sports injuries, it is painful and devastating and best managed by PREVENTION!
Spring is here and as the days continue to get longer and temperatures begin a slow steady rise, athletes and weekend warriors are eager to get outdoors to play and exercise. However, be mindful of the weather (damp and rainy), temperature (cool mornings and evenings) and winter “dust” on your muscles and tendons. Many overjealous fitness enthusiasts will rush to pound the pavement and barely “fit in” a warm-up before participating. But, no matter how limited time is, skipping the warm-up is risky.
This time of year, one can expect to feel a little cold and stiff, especially if you are over 40, and therefore a little caution and preparation are in order to avoid muscle/tendon strain, or worse yet, muscle/tendon tears. The Achilles tendon is one of the more common tendons torn. Prevention of muscle tears, including the Achilles tendon includes; gradual introduction to new activities, good overall conditioning, sport specific training, pre-stretch warm-up, stretch, strengthening, proper shoes, clothing, and equipment for the sport and conditions.
A muscle contracts to move bones and joints in the body. The tendon is the fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Great force is transmitted across a tendon which, in the lower body, can be more than 5 times your body weight. Often, a tendon can become inflamed, irritated, strained or partially torn from improper mechanics or overuse. Although infrequent, occasionally tendons can also snap or rupture. A tendon is more vulnerable to a rupture for several reasons such as a history of repeated injections of steroids into a tendon and use of medications such as corticosteroids and some antibiotics. Certain diseases such as gout, arthritis, diabetes or hyperparathyroidism can contribute to tendon tears. Also, age, obesity and gender are significant risk factors as middle-aged, overweight males are more susceptible to tendon tears. Poor conditioning, improper warm-up and cold temperatures may also contribute to the problem.
Tendon rupture is very painful and debilitating and must not be left untreated. While conservative management is preferred, surgical management is usually required for complete tears. The purpose of this column is to present the signs, symptoms and management of Achilles tendon ruptures.
Achilles Tendon:
The Achilles tendon (also called the calcaneal tendon), is a large, strong cordlike band of fibrous tissue in the back of the ankle. The tendon (also called the heel cord) connects the powerful calf muscle to the heel bone (also called the calcaneus). When the calf muscle contracts, (as when you walk on the ball of your foot), the Achilles tendon is tightened, tension is created at the heel and the foot points down like pushing a gas pedal or walking on tip of your toes. This motion is essential for activities such as walking, running, and jumping. A partial tear of the tendon would make these activities weak and painful, while a full tear through the tendon would render these activities impossible.
With age, the Achilles tendon (and other tendons) gets weak, thin, and dehydrated, thus making it prone to inflammation, degeneration, partial tear or rupture. The middle-aged weekend warrior is at greatest risk. A full or complete tear (Achilles tendon rupture) usually occurs about 2 inches above the heel bone and is associated with a sudden burst of activity followed by a quick stop or a quick start or change in direction, as in tennis, racquet ball, and basketball.
In some instances, the tendon can be injured by a violent contraction of calf when you push off forcefully at the same time the knee is locked straight as in a sudden sprint. Other times, the tendon is injured when a sudden and unexpected force occurs as in a trip off a curb or sudden step into a hole or a quick attempt to break a fall.
Achilles Tendon Rupture Symptoms:
Pain – sudden and severe pain in the back of the ankle or calf that feels like being hit by a rock or gun shot.
Pop – sometimes it is reported that a loud pop or snap is heard when the tendon tears.
Divot Deformity – sometimes a depression or indentation in the tendon is seen or felt with a bulbous area above or below the tear.
Black and Blue – it is common to have bleeding after tearing the muscle or tendon with black and blue color and bruising the night or day after the injury.
Swelling – in addition to swelling in the tendon area of the tear, sometimes swelling will be prominent in the ankle and foot.
Stiffness – loss of movement due to swelling and weakness.
Weakness – inability to “push off” on the injured foot when walking or climbing steps.
Loss of Function – difficulty with daily activities that require walking, ascending inclines, climbing stairs, or jumping.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
Next Week: Achilles tendon Part II of II
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR ARTHRITIS
At least once a week, a patient jokingly asks if they can get a “lube job” to loosen up their stiff knee joint. I respond by providing them with information about osteoarthritis and viscosupplementation, a conservative treatment administered by injection and approved by the FDA for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.
Do You Have Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is also known as degenerative arthritis. It is the most common form of arthritis in the knee. OA is usually a gradual, slow and progressive process of “wear and tear” to the cartilage in the knee joint which eventually wears down to the bony joint surface. It is most often found in middle-aged and older people and in weight bearing joints such as the hip, knee and ankle. Symptoms include: pain, swelling, stiffness, weakness and loss of function.
Your family physician will examine your knee to determine if you have arthritis. In more advanced cases you may be referred to an orthopedic surgeon or rheumatologist for further examination and treatment. It will then be determined if you are a candidate for viscosupplementation. While this procedure is the most commonly used in the knee, it has also been used for osteoarthritis in the hip, shoulder and ankle.
Procedure
Viscosupplementation is a procedure, usually performed by an orthopedic surgeon or rheumatologist, in which medication injected into the knee joint acts like a lubricant.
The medication is hyaluronic acid is a natural substance that normally lubricates the knee. This natural lubricant allows the knee to move smoothly and absorbs shock. People with osteoarthritis have less hyaluronic acid in their knee joints. Injections of hyaluronic acid substances into the joint have been found to decrease pain, improve range of motion and function in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.
When conservative measures, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, steroid injections fail to provide long lasting relief, viscosupplementation may be a viable option. Often, physical therapy and exercise are more effective following this injection to provide additional long-term benefit. Unfortunately, if conservative measures, including viscosupplementation fails, surgery, including a joint replacement may be the next alternative.
In 1997 the FDA approved viscosupplementation for osteoarthritis of the knee. Presently, there are several products on the market. One type is a natural product made from the comb of a rooster. However, if you are allergic to eggs or poultry products or feathers, you should not use the natural product. The other medication is best used for patients with allergies because it is manufactured as a synthetic product.
Effects
Short-Term:
No immediate benefit
May have a localized pain, warmth, and swelling after the shot. Use ice to control symptoms for 1-2 days
Should not overexert for 1-2 days after the injection
Long-Term:
Less pain with daily activities
Less inflammation
Stimulates body to produce its own hyaluronic acid to lubricate the joint
Range of Motion Exercises: to keep knees flexible bend and straighten knees 10 times every 2 hours.
Strengthening Exercises: to keep legs strong
Better to perform sitting, partial or non weight bearing
Hip Hikes
Straight Leg Raise
Short Arc Quads
Quad Sets
Stand Ham Curl
Calf Raise
Partial or Non-Weight Bearing Aerobic Exercises:
Swimming
Pool Walking
Bike – Regular or Recumbent
Elliptical
Soft Bed Treadmill
Activity Modifications: such as eating well and losing weight, doubles tennis instead of singles, sitting or lying leg exercises instead of standing, walk instead of run, soft bed treadmill instead of hard surfaces, avoid squatting, kneeling, and bending.
Supportive Devices: such as knee sleeves, light bracing, use good running shoes for exercise and walking, use good quality supportive shoes for work/dress.
SOURCES: Genzyme Co, Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc, Seikagaku Co. and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Visit your doctor regularly and listen to your body.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
Part II of II
April is National Stress and Anxiety Awareness Month! According to the National Institutes of Health, an estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults 18 and older had an anxiety disorder in the past year. Anxiety disorders were higher for females (23.4%) than for males (14.3%). An estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience an anxiety disorder at some time in their lives.
There are a wide variety of anxiety disorders and will vary by the objects or situations that induce them. However, the features of excessive anxiety and related behavioral disturbances are similar. Anxiety disorders can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships. Symptoms include: distress, nausea, shortness of breath, bowel pattern changes, excessive perspiration, frequent laughing or crying, restlessness, and is often associated with depression. While there are many types and degrees of anxiety and there is no substitute for medical and psychological care, there are some simple and basic tools to help manage the problem…daily exercise is one easy, affordable and accessible suggestion for most. Multiple studies have discussed the incidence of unhealthy self management of anxiety, including the use of alcohol and recreational drugs.
Last week, I presented coping tips for the management of anxiety. In this column, I will discuss one of the most understated benefits of exercise – mental health! Specifically, aerobic exercise (exercise that increases your heart rate for 30 minutes or more) such as walking, biking, running, swimming, hiking, elliptical & stepper machines to name a few, is the secret to “runner’s high.” This exercise euphoria is not limited to runners alone, but all who engage in aerobic exercise are more likely to experience high energy, positive attitude and mental wellness.
Physical activity, specifically aerobic exercise, is a scientifically proven useful tool for preventing and easing anxiety and depression symptoms. Studies in the British Journal of Medicine and the Journal of Exercise and Sports Science found that anxiety and depression scores were significantly reduced in groups that engaged in aerobic running, jogging or walking programs, 30-45 minutes 3-5 days per week for 10-12 weeks, when compared to a control group and a psychotherapy counseling group.
HOW EXERCISE REDUCES ANXIEY AND DEPRESSION:
According to research reported in sports medicine journals, exercise reduces anxiety and depression in two ways, psychologically (mentally) and physiological (physically).
Psychological or Mental Benefits of Exercise on Anxiety and Depression:
Helps a person gain control over their lives
Increases self-esteem
Diverts attention away from worry, concern or guilt
Improves mood – with visible signs of improvement in physique & body weight
Increases sense of pleasure and satisfaction
Anger management – release pent-up frustration, anger and hostility
Physiological or Physical Benefits of Exercise on Anxiety and Depression:
Increase in brain serotonin (natural mood elevator chemical in brain)
Increase in beta-endorphins (natural mood, stress & pain control chemical in brain)
Improvement in natural sleep patterns
HOW TO BEGIN EXERCISE FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION:
First and most importantly, consult your primary care physician to confirm the diagnosis of depression. Be sure that your symptoms are not related to other health problems. Also, if you are using antidepressant or other medications discuss the impact it may have on your exercise program with your physician.
Recognize and fight depression symptoms that are contrary to or prohibit physical activity such as: fatigue, lack of energy, slow motor skills. Work hard to recognize and overcome these symptoms to begin an exercise program. An aerobic exercise routine should eventually lessen these symptoms.
Be realistic. Expect that aerobic exercise will take time to have a noticeable benefit. Do not get overly ambitious and set yourself up for failure.
Begin with an aerobic exercise program that is practical and destined to succeed. For example: inactive and deconditioned people should begin walking 5 minutes per day, 3-5 days per week for 1 week. Then, add 3-5 minutes each week until you attain 30-45 minutes per walk 3-5 times per week. Younger and fitter people can begin to walk for 15 minutes and continue until they attain 45-60 minutes per walk, 3-5 times per week. Remember, what seems impossible today will be easier and routine in 3-4 weeks so JUST DO IT !
Find a pleasurable environment: a beautiful park (Nay Aug), a scenic lake (Lake Scranton), quiet countryside (rural farmlands of Dalton or Lackawanna State Park). Use a mall in inclement weather.
Find a friendly, uplifting group of people to enjoy a good walk and talk. This may be more appropriate for people feeling isolated or withdrawn. Others may enjoy the peace and quiet of exercising and meditating alone.
Be specific and compliant! Make a serious commitment. Keep a journal or exercise log. Mark a calendar. 30-45 minutes, 3-5 days per week – NO EXCUSES! Get and exercise buddy you can count on and help keep you compliant!
Make it fun! Mix it up. Walk 3 days, swim or bike 1-2 days, some days alone, some days with a buddy.
BE RELIGIOUS! Be religious about exercise BUT don’t get too compulsive!
SOURCES: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC); National Institutes of Health (NIH); The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Visit your doctor regularly and listen to your body.
EVERY MONDAY – Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” via Blog
EVERY SUNDAY in "The Sunday Times" - Read Dr. Paul J. Mackarey “Health & Exercise Forum!” in hard copy
This article is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. If you have questions related to your medical condition, please contact your family physician. For further inquires related to this topic email: drpmackarey@msn.com
Paul J. Mackarey PT, DHSc, OCS is a Doctor in Health Sciences specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy in Scranton and Clarks Summit. Dr. Mackarey is in private practice and is an associate professor of clinical medicine at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. For all of Dr. Mackarey's articles, visit our exercise forum!
